Bca computer program

 What is Computer : Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data, as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately. • Data: Data is a raw material of information • Information: Proper collection of the data is called information Characteristics Of Computer • SPEED : Computer is very fast calculating device. It can execute basic operations  like subtraction, addition, multiplication and division at a few microseconds. It can  move and copy data at a speed in the order of billion instruction per second. • ACCURACY : Computer always gives accurate results. The accuracy of Computer  does not go down when they are used continuously for hours together. It always gives accurate results. • STORAGE CAPACITY : Computers have a very large storage capacity. A large  volume of information can be stored in the memory of computer and information can  be retrieved correctly when desired. • VERSATILITY : The working of computer with diff...

 Reading data from input device and displaying the result on the screen are the two main tasks of any programming. In ‘C’ language the input output operations are carried out by using standard functions. The programs for these functions are kept in the file. This file must be included in the program to use these functions using the preprocessor directive as: #include<stdio.h> The i/o functions are classified into 2 types: 1) Formatted functions 2) Unformatted functions. Formatted input output function The formatted I/O functions read and write all data values.  Formatted Input: Scanf(): This formatted input function which read the data from the standard input into variable in different formats by the user. Syntax:  Input single value from user scanf(“ control string”, &args);  Input multiple values scanf(“ control string”, &arg1, &arg2, …. ,&argn); Example:  Input single value from user int no; scanf(“%d” ,&no);  Input multiple value float no 1; int n...

C language is rich in its data types. ANSI supports three classes of data types. 1) Primary or fundamental data types. 2) Derived Data types. 3) User-defined data types. 1) Fundamental Data types: All C compilers support five fundamental data types.  Integer (int)  Character (char)  Floating point (float)  Double-precision point (double)  Void i. Integer types: Integer types are whole numbers with a range of values supported by particular machine. If we use a 16 bit word length, the size of the integer value is limited to the range -32768 to +32767. C has three classes of integer storage namely  Short int  Int  Long int Short int represents small values than int and int represents small value than long int. or we can say that Short int < int < long int  Here 1 byte = 8 bits.  Signed int is able to represent negative values.  Unsigned int can represent non-negative values (positive values). ii. Floating point types:  Floating point numbers are stored in 32 bits, with 6...

The various categories of characters are called the character set. In C, the characters are grouped into the following categories: a) Letters: a. Uppercase: A………….Z b. Lowercase: a…………..z b)Digits: a. All digits: 0…………..9 c) Special Characters, such as a. , Comma b. . Period c. ; Semicolon d. : Colon Tokens in C is the most important element to be used in creating a program in C. We can define the token as the smallest individual element in C. C tokens are the basic building blocks in C language which are constructed together to write a C program. C token are of six types. o Keywords (eg. int, while) o Identifiers (eg. main, total) o Constants (eg. 10, 20) o Strings (eg. “total”, “heta”) o Special Symbols (eg. (), { }) o Operators (eg. +, -, *, / ) Keyword and Identifier In 'C' every word can be either a keyword or an identifier. Keywords: Keywords have fixed meanings, and the meaning cannot be changed. They act as a building block of a 'C' program. There are a total of...

 A program written in a high level language. A high level languageis only understood by humans. It generally contains phrases From english language, but computer cannot understand high-level language. Computer can only understand program written in 0‟s and 1‟s in binary, called the machine code. A program written in high-level language is called a source code. Source code must be translated into machine language before it can be executed.  So we need to call the source code into machine code and this is accomplished by compiler and interpreters. Compiler or an interpreter is a program that converts programs written in high-level language into machine code understood bythe computer. Compiler or interpreter is a computer program that accepts high-level program (e.g. C Program) as input data and generation program as output.   The original high-level program is called the source program and resulting machine-language program is called the object program. The difference ...

  Computer Programming & Programming Methodology Unit- 1 Introduction A computer cannot perform any task of its own and can only understand its own language which is the language of 0’s and 1’s that means binary number system, therefore a computer user has to communicate with a computer using the language which they can understand. The set of instructions to perform a task in the computer that is known as a program and the computer languages in which programs are written is knownas programming language. The person developing or writing programs isknown as  “programmer” . A computer cannot understand the natural language like English. Examples of programming languages are C, C++, C#, Perl, Java, etc. Introduction to C Programming History of C Programming  C is a programming language which was developed at “AT & T’s Bell  Laboratory” of USA in 1972.  C was written by Dennis Ritchie, that‟s why he is also called as father of  C Programming language.  C was cr...

~Concept of workbook A workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheets to help you organize data. You can create a new workbook from a blank workbook or a template. A spreadsheet or worksheet is a file made of rows and columns that help sort data, arrange data easily, and calculate numerical data. A spreadsheet software program has ability to calculate values using mathematical formulas and the data in cells. A spreadsheet is a grid of boxes. Each box is called a cell. Each cell is located in a particular row and column in the grid. Each cell is available to store data. The spreadsheet can contain 32000 rows and 255 columns. More than one cell is called a range of cells. You can select a range of cells and move them, copy them, format them and so on as easily as a single cell. Spreadsheets are used to store a table or group of tables .A table is a range of cells with related data. To store tables that are related you can stack the tables into sheets. ~Apache Open office Apache ...

 1.4 Block Diagram and functional units of  computer o Following are the components of computer: 1. Input Unit 2. Output Unit 3. Storage Unit 4. CPU 5. ALU 6. CU 1. Input Unit: ▪ It performs following functions:        a. Accepts instructions and data from                         outside world.        b. It converts instructions and data in                          computer acceptable form.        c. It supplies the converted instructions and             data to the computer system for further processing. ▪ Data and instructions enter in the computer in a form that depends upon input device being used. ▪ All input devices must transform input signals to binary codes which are done by input interface. ▪ Input interface watch unique physical and electrical c...

  1.3 Types of Computers Since the advent of the first computer different types and sizes of computers are offering  different services. Computers can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as a  laptop or a microcontroller in mobile & embedded systems. The four basic types of computers are. 1. Super computer 2. Mainframe Computer 3. Minicomputer 4. Microcomputer Supercomputer • The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the  supercomputers. • These are specialized and task specific computers used by large organizations. • These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like NASA uses  supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space  exploration purpose. • The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size. • It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some super computers can  span an entire building. Uses of Supercomputer • Space Explor...

 Computers play a role in every field of life. They are used in homes, business, educational institutions, research organizations, medical field, government offices, entertainment, etc. Home Computers are used at homes for several purposes like online bill payment, watching movies or shows at home, home tutoring, social media access, playing games, internet access, etc. They provide communication through electronic mail. They help to avail work from home facility for corporate employees.  Computers help the student community to avail online educational support. Medical Field Computers are used in hospitals to maintain a database of patients’ history, diagnosis, X-rays,live monitoring of patients, etc.  Surgeons nowadays use robotic surgical devices to perform delicate operations, and conduct surgeries remotely.  Virtual reality technologies are also used for training purposes. It also helps to monitor the fetus inside the mother’s womb. Entertainment Computers help t...